Yayin da rikicin Isra’ila da Iran ke shiga rana ta biyar, hare-haren da Isra’ila ke kai wa kan cibiyoyin makamashi na Iran na kara tayar da hankali kan tabarbarewar tsaro da kuma tasirin hakan ga kasuwannin makamashi na duniya.
Muhimmancin Iran a Kasuwar Makamashi ta Duniya
Iran tana cikin manyan ƙasashen da ke da arzikin mai da gas:
Tana da gangar danyen mai biliyan 157 da aka tabbatar — Kashi 12% na ajiyar duniya, da kusan 24% na Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Ita ce ta 9 mafi girma wajen samar da mai a duniya, ta 4 a cikin kungiyar OPEC.
Yawan Man da take fitarwa: kimanin ganguna miliyan 2 na danyen mai da man da aka tace kullum.
Kudaden shigar da ta samu daga mai: Dala Biliyan $53 a 2023, ya karu daga $37bn a 2021.
Sai dai takunkuman kasa da kasa da karancin zuba jari daga waje sun hana Iran cimma cikakken karfinta a fannin hakar mai da gas.
Muhimman Cibiyoyin Mai na Iran
Onshore (A Cikin Ƙasa):
Ahvaz Field – mafi girma a Iran, ɗaya daga cikin manyan filayen mai a duniya.
Gachsaran – na biyu mafi girma, yana fitar da mai mai haske.
Marun – kusa da Ahvaz, yana da mai sosai.
Agha Jari, Bibi Hakimeh da Karanj – a lardin Khuzestan, cibiyar samar da mai.
Offshore (Na Ruwa):
Abuzar, Foroozan, Doroud, Salman – a tekun Gulf, wasu ana rabawa da Saudiyya da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa UAE.
Matatun Mai (Refineries):
Abadan – daya daga cikin tsofaffi kuma mafi girma a Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Tehran, Isfahan, Bandar Abbas, Arak, Tabriz – suna tace nau’ukan danyen mai don gida da fitarwa.
Export Terminal: Tashoshin fitar da mai zuwa ketare
Kharg Island – cibiyar fitar da mai mafi girma, tana sarrafa ganga 1.5 miliyan kullum.
Chokepoint:
Strait of Hormuz – fiye da 20% na man da ake jigila ta teku a duniya na wucewa ta nan. Masana’antar Gas Ta Iran
Iran tana da masana'antun ajiya mafi yawa na gas a duniya bayan Rasha – kimanin 1,200 trillion cubic feet (34 tcm).
Ta 3 mafi girma wajen samar da gas (bayan Amurka da Rasha).
Iran ta samar da kimanin 265 bcm a 2023 – kashi 6% na samfurin gas na duniya.
Amma tana fuskantar matsaloli saboda takunkumi daga ƙasashen waje.
Muhimman Cibiyoyin samar da Gas:
South Pars – cibiyar gas mafi girma a duniya,
North Pars, Golshan, Ferdowsi, Kangan, Nar – duk a yankin kudu, kusa da Tekun Gulf.
South Pars Gas Complex (Bushehr Province) – cibiyar sarrafa gas mafi girma. Wadanne Cibiyoyin Isra’ila Ta Kai Wa Hari?
Isra’ila ta kai hari kan cibiyoyin makamashi masu muhimmanci a Iran, ciki har da:
South Pars Gasfield – cibiyar sarrafa gas mafi girma a duniya
Fajr Jam Gas Plant – cibiyar sarrafa gas a kudu
Shahran Oil Depot – wurin ajiya da rarraba man fetur
Shahr Rey Oil Refinery – matatar man da ke kusa da Tehran
Tehran Fuel Depots – manyan cibiyoyin rarraba man fetur a birnin Tehran Tasirin Rikicin:
Farashin man fetur ya tashi da fiye da kashi 7% cikin kwana guda bayan harin farko.
Harin kan manyan cibiyoyin makamashi na Iran na iya jefa duniya cikin rashin tabbas da karancin mai da gas, musamman idan rikicin ya rikide zuwa yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen yankin. A Ƙarshe:
Yayin da Isra’ila ke ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan cibiyoyin makamashin Iran, haɗarin yaduwar rikici da kuma tasirinsa ga tattalin arzikin duniya na kara tsananta. Idan har aka durƙusar da damar fitar da makamashi daga Iran ko aka toshe mashigar Hormuz, zai iya janyo mummunan tasiri ga kasuwannin duniya da farashin mai da gas.
Aljazeera